# Creating a string
my_string = "Hello, World!"
print(my_string)

# String concatenation
greeting = "Hello"
name = "Alice"
message = greeting + ", " + name + "!"
print(message)

# String slicing
print(my_string[0:5])

# Extracting a substring
substring = my_string[7:12]
print(substring)

# Finding the index of a substring
index = my_string.find("World")
print(index)

# Converting to uppercase
upper_string = my_string.upper()
print(upper_string)

# Converting to lowercase
lower_string = my_string.lower()
print(lower_string)

# Capitalizing the first letter
capitalized_string = my_string.capitalize()
print(capitalized_string)

# Replacing a substring
new_string = my_string.replace("World", "Python")
print(new_string)

#Length: Getting the length of a string
length = len(my_string)
print(length)

#Strip: Removing leading and trailing whitespace
stripped = "  Hello  ".strip()
print(stripped)

# Lstrip: Removing leading whitespace
lstripped = "  Hello  ".lstrip()
print(lstripped)

# Rstrip: Removing trailing whitespace
rstripped = "  Hello  ".rstrip()
print(rstripped)

# Split: Splitting a string into a list.
split = "Hello World".split()
print(split)

# Join: Joining a list into a string.
joined = " ".join(["Hello", "World"])
print(joined)

# Count: Counting occurrences of a substring.
count = "Hello World".count("l")
print(count)